Tšilafalo indastering ea masela
● Sun Ruizhe, mopresidente oa Lekhotla la Naha la Masela le Liaparo la Chaena, o kile a re Sebokeng sa Ntlafatso ea Maemo a Leholimo le Feshene ka 2019 hore indasteri ea masela le liaparo e se e fetohile indasteri ea bobeli e kholo ka ho fetisisa e silafatsang lefatše, ea bobeli feela kamora indasteri ea oli;
● Ho ya ka tlhahisoleseding e tswang ho Mokgatlo wa Moruo o Potolohileng wa China, diaparo tsa kgale tse ka bang dimilione tse 26 di lahlelwa ka hara dik'haneng tsa matlakala naheng ya heso selemo se seng le se seng, mme palo ena e tla eketseha ho ya ho dithane tse dimilione tse 50 kamora 2030;
● Ho ea ka khakanyo ea Lekhotla la Naha la Masela le Liaparo la Chaena, naha ea heso e lahla masela a litšila selemo se seng le se seng, e leng se lekanang le lithane tse limilione tse 24 tsa oli e tala. Hona joale, boholo ba liaparo tsa khale li ntse li lahloa ka ho lahla lithōle kapa ka ho chesoa, tseo ka bobeli li tla baka tšilafalo e mpe ea tikoloho.
Litharollo tsa mathata a tšilafalo - likhoele tse thehiloeng linthong tse phelang
Likhoele tsa maiketsetso ka har'a masela hangata li entsoe ka thepa e tala ea petrochemical, joalo ka likhoele tsa polyester (polyester), likhoele tsa polyamide (nylon kapa nylon), likhoele tsa polyacrylonitrile (likhoele tsa acrylic), jj.
● Ka lebaka la khaello e ntseng e eketseha ea mehloli ea oli le ho tsosoa ha temoho ea batho mabapi le tšireletso ea tikoloho. Mebuso e boetse e qalile ho nka mehato e fapaneng ea ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mehloli ea oli le ho fumana mehloli e mecha e ka nchafatsoang e sireletsang tikoloho ho e nkela sebaka.
● Ka lebaka la khaello ea oli le mathata a tikoloho, mekhatlo ea khale ea tlhahiso ea faeba ea lik'hemik'hale e kang United States, European Union le Japane e ikhula butle-butle tlhahisong ea faeba ea lik'hemik'hale e tloaelehileng, 'me e retelehetse ho lifaeba tse thehiloeng linthong tse phelang tse nang le phaello e ngata le tse sa ameheng haholo ke mehloli kapa tikoloho.
Lisebelisoa tsa polyester tse thehiloeng ho bio (PET/PEF) li ka sebelisoa tlhahisong ea likhoele tse thehiloeng ho bio leletlalo le thehiloeng linthong tse phelang.
Tlalehong ea morao-rao ea "Textile Herald" mabapi le "Tlhahlobo le Tebello ea Theknoloji ea Masela ea Lefatše", ho ile ha totobatsoa:
● PET e thehiloeng ho bio ea 100% e nkile boetapele ba ho kena indastering ea lijo, joalo ka lino tse tahang tsa Coca-Cola, lijo tsa Heinz, le ho paka lihlahisoa tsa ho hloekisa, 'me e boetse e kene lihlahisoa tsa faeba tsa lihlahisoa tse tsebahalang tsa lipapali tse kang Nike;
● Lihlahisoa tsa PET tse thehiloeng ho bio kapa tsa PEF tse thehiloeng ho bio tse 100% li se li bonoe 'marakeng.
Ha temoho ea batho mabapi le tšireletso ea tikoloho e ntse e eketseha, lihlahisoa tse thehiloeng linthong tsa tlhaho li tla ba le melemo ea tlhaho masimong a lihlahisoa tsa bongaka, tsa lijo le tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo tse amanang haufi-ufi le bophelo ba batho.
● “Moralo oa Nts'etsopele ea Indasteri ea Masela (2016-2020)” oa naha ea heso le “Moralo oa Lilemo tse Hlano oa Indasteri ea Masela” li bontšitse ka ho hlaka hore tataiso e latelang ea mosebetsi ke: ho nts'etsapele thepa e ncha ea faeba e thehiloeng linthong tse phelang ho nkela mehloli ea peterole sebaka, ho khothaletsa Indasteri ea lifaeba tse thehiloeng linthong tse phelang tsa leoatleng.
Faeba e thehiloeng linthong tse phelang ke eng?
● Likhoele tse thehiloeng linthong tse phelang li bolela likhoele tse entsoeng ka lintho tse phelang ka botsona kapa ka lintho tse ntšitsoeng ho tsona. Mohlala, khoele ea polylactic acid (PLA fiber) e entsoe ka lihlahisoa tsa temo tse nang le starch tse kang poone, koro le beet ea tsoekere, 'me khoele ea alginate e entsoe ka bolele bo sootho.
● Mofuta ona oa faeba e thehiloeng linthong tsa tlhaho ha o tala feela ebile o mosa tikolohong, empa hape o na le ts'ebetso e ntle haholo le boleng bo eketsehileng bo eketsehileng. Mohlala, thepa ea mechini, ho bola ha lintho tse phelang, ho se keng ha chesoa, ho se chese letlalong, ho thibela likokoana-hloko le ho tlosa mongobo ha li tlase ho feta tsa lifaeba tsa setso. Faeba ea alginate ke thepa e tala ea boleng bo holimo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea liaparo tsa bongaka tse nang le hygroscopic e ngata, kahoo e na le boleng bo ikhethang ba ts'ebeliso lefapheng la bongaka le bophelo bo botle. joalo ka, re na le mohala o mocha oa thepa.letlalo le thehiloeng linthong tse phelang/letlalo la vegan.
Hobaneng o lokela ho leka dihlahiswa bakeng sa dikahare tse thehilweng hodima bioloji?
Ha bareki ba ntse ba rata lihlahisoa tse tala tse sireletsang tikoloho, tse bolokehileng, tse tsoang linthong tse phelang. Tlhoko ea likhoele tse thehiloeng linthong tse phelang 'marakeng oa masela e ntse e eketseha letsatsi le letsatsi, 'me ho bohlokoa ho nts'etsapele lihlahisoa tse sebelisang karolo e kholo ea thepa e thehiloeng linthong tse phelang ho hapa monyetla oa pele oa ho tsamaisa 'maraka. Lihlahisoa tse thehiloeng linthong tse phelang li hloka litaba tse thehiloeng linthong tse phelang tsa sehlahisoa ebang se lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele, taolong ea boleng kapa mekhahlelong ea thekiso. Teko e thehiloeng linthong tse phelang e ka thusa bahlahisi, barekisi kapa barekisi:
● Tlhahlobo le Phetoho ea Sehlahisoa: Teko e thehiloeng ho Bio e etsoa ts'ebetsong ea nts'etsopele ea sehlahisoa se thehiloeng ho Bio, e ka hlakisang litaba tse thehiloeng ho Bio sehlahisoa ho nolofatsa ntlafatso;
● Taolo ea boleng: Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse thehiloeng linthong tse phelang, liteko tse thehiloeng linthong tse phelang li ka etsoa holim'a lisebelisoa tse tala tse fanoeng ho laola ka tieo boleng ba lihlahisoa tse tala;
● Papatso le papatso: Dikahare tse thehilweng ho Bio e tla ba sesebediswa se setle haholo sa papatso, se ka thusang dihlahiswa ho fumana tshepo ya bareki le ho nka menyetla ya mmaraka.
Nka tseba joang hore na sehlahisoa se na le lintho tse kae tse phelang? – Teko ea Carbon 14
Teko ea khabone-14 e ka khetholla ka katleho likarolo tse thehiloeng ho bio le tse tsoang ho petrochemical sehlahisoa. Hobane lintho tse phelang tsa sejoale-joale li na le khabone 14 ka bongata bo lekanang le khabone 14 sepakapakeng, ha thepa e tala ea petrochemical e se na khabone 14.
Haeba sephetho sa teko se thehiloeng ho tsa tlhaho sa sehlahisoa se le 100% ya khabone e thehiloeng ho tsa tlhaho, ho bolela hore sehlahisoa se tsoa ho 100% ya tlhaho; haeba sephetho sa teko sa sehlahisoa e le 0%, ho bolela hore sehlahisoa sohle ke sa petrochemical; haeba sephetho sa teko e le 50%, ho bolela hore 50% ya sehlahisoa e tsoa ho tsa tlhaho mme 50% ya khabone e tsoa ho petrochemical.
Litekanyetso tsa liteko bakeng sa masela li kenyelletsa maemo a Amerika a ASTM D6866, maemo a Europe a EN 16640, jj.
Nako ea poso: Hlakola-22-2022
